by Prof. Cosmo Trident.
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Veronica is the second statue by sculptor Giulio Cozzoli to come out in procession from the church on Holy Saturday in Purgatory. E 'carried on shoulders by members of the Confraternity of Mary. Carmine's wearing: white shirt and cap, mozzetta track with bow and lilac-purple, lilac-purple neck strap with metal plate depicting the Madonna del Carmine.
Who was Veronica?
First, the name "Veronica", resulting from the turning of the adjective true to the Latin noun greek eikon (icon) is a name given, by metonymy, the one who owned the "true icon" of Christ. Is not mentioned in the canonical Gospels, but the tradition commemorates the Sixth Station of the Cross is celebrated in all Catholic churches throughout the world during the rites of Good Friday and that is repeated every year by the Pope in the spectacular setting of the Roman Colosseum. The figure of Veronica, however, disappear from the alternative scheme of the Via Crucis (the biblical pattern), divided according to the Gospel, appeared for the first time in the "Book of the Pilgrim" is offered for the Holy Year of 1975.
Who was Veronica?
First, the name "Veronica", resulting from the turning of the adjective true to the Latin noun greek eikon (icon) is a name given, by metonymy, the one who owned the "true icon" of Christ. Is not mentioned in the canonical Gospels, but the tradition commemorates the Sixth Station of the Cross is celebrated in all Catholic churches throughout the world during the rites of Good Friday and that is repeated every year by the Pope in the spectacular setting of the Roman Colosseum. The figure of Veronica, however, disappear from the alternative scheme of the Via Crucis (the biblical pattern), divided according to the Gospel, appeared for the first time in the "Book of the Pilgrim" is offered for the Holy Year of 1975.
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Station VI: Veronique essuie the Face de Jésus
anonymous French Chromolithograph of the early '900
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According to the apocryphal book of the Acts of Pilate (chapter 7), Veronica is the hemorrhaging woman of Capernaum, ill for many years and then miraculously healed by Jesus at the touch of suo.mantello. The episode is recounted in the Gospel of Luke (8:43-48), but without showing the name of the woman. This would then wiped Christ's face along the road leading to Calvary, with the result that the image of the face would remain imprinted on the cloth.
Other apocryphal gospels, such as that of Philip, identify it even with the daughter of Herodias who danced before Herod Antipas and asked the head of John the Baptist, who then would be converted.
A pious legend says that Veronica was the nurse of Tiberius (Roman emperor from 14 to 37 AD). He had long been suffering from leprosy. In vain had consulted all doctors of ancient Rome, but the evil consuming him terribly. The emperor, with despair in his heart, he saw death approaching. His old nurse named Veronica, offered him a last attempt. He had heard that in Palestine there was a man, a great teacher and miracle worker, who did many miracles and was called "Jesus." If you had asked this man to the grace of healing of the emperor, certainly would have obtained. The emperor agreed and the old nurse is placed on the road to Jerusalem. It was a long, tiring, uncomfortable. But he finally reached the holy city of David. Entry into the city, he heard voices in the distance, a moving crowd, and at a turning point he met with the tragic march that led Jesus to Calvary. Here he is Jesus, bruised, exhausted, staggering under the cross. Veronica stood petrified with grief. Jesus was now at hand. He saw her face dripping with blood, eyes half-closed to the agony, his forehead crowned with thorns. At this moment the woman forgot everything: the purpose of his trip, his emperor, his labors. A feeling of compassion came up from the heart, came to Jesus, he took the white veil from her head, and with delicate hand, began to wipe the face of the Lord. Jesus looked at her with grateful eyes. Chania screaming of the Jews went on his way and the poor woman was rejected, overwhelmed, and found herself alone with her veil in her hands. It was a moment. He looked at the veil, and a cry of joy and astonishment came from the heart: the veil was imprinted with the image of Jesus shook the heart of this precious fabric and left for Rome. Once there, he told the emperor the scene view, with the veil touched body of Tiberius, who was miraculously healed. The cult of Saint Veronica had significant development, France, where she is identified with the woman, who married Zaccheus (Luke 19:2-10), after the death of the Savior, he would gone in Gaul to evangelize and would die in ' Soulac hermitage.
During the first Jubilee of 1300, proclaimed by Pope Boniface VIII, with the Bull "Antiquorum Habet trust relatio" the veil of Veronica was exposed for public veneration in St. Peter's Basilica for the comfort of the pilgrims to Rome, "that the pilgrims who flocked in Rome. This gives testimony of Dante Alighieri (Paradiso XXXI, 103-111) who, contemplating the face of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, compares his state of mind to that of a romeo before the Veil of Veronica:
Other apocryphal gospels, such as that of Philip, identify it even with the daughter of Herodias who danced before Herod Antipas and asked the head of John the Baptist, who then would be converted.
A pious legend says that Veronica was the nurse of Tiberius (Roman emperor from 14 to 37 AD). He had long been suffering from leprosy. In vain had consulted all doctors of ancient Rome, but the evil consuming him terribly. The emperor, with despair in his heart, he saw death approaching. His old nurse named Veronica, offered him a last attempt. He had heard that in Palestine there was a man, a great teacher and miracle worker, who did many miracles and was called "Jesus." If you had asked this man to the grace of healing of the emperor, certainly would have obtained. The emperor agreed and the old nurse is placed on the road to Jerusalem. It was a long, tiring, uncomfortable. But he finally reached the holy city of David. Entry into the city, he heard voices in the distance, a moving crowd, and at a turning point he met with the tragic march that led Jesus to Calvary. Here he is Jesus, bruised, exhausted, staggering under the cross. Veronica stood petrified with grief. Jesus was now at hand. He saw her face dripping with blood, eyes half-closed to the agony, his forehead crowned with thorns. At this moment the woman forgot everything: the purpose of his trip, his emperor, his labors. A feeling of compassion came up from the heart, came to Jesus, he took the white veil from her head, and with delicate hand, began to wipe the face of the Lord. Jesus looked at her with grateful eyes. Chania screaming of the Jews went on his way and the poor woman was rejected, overwhelmed, and found herself alone with her veil in her hands. It was a moment. He looked at the veil, and a cry of joy and astonishment came from the heart: the veil was imprinted with the image of Jesus shook the heart of this precious fabric and left for Rome. Once there, he told the emperor the scene view, with the veil touched body of Tiberius, who was miraculously healed. The cult of Saint Veronica had significant development, France, where she is identified with the woman, who married Zaccheus (Luke 19:2-10), after the death of the Savior, he would gone in Gaul to evangelize and would die in ' Soulac hermitage.
During the first Jubilee of 1300, proclaimed by Pope Boniface VIII, with the Bull "Antiquorum Habet trust relatio" the veil of Veronica was exposed for public veneration in St. Peter's Basilica for the comfort of the pilgrims to Rome, "that the pilgrims who flocked in Rome. This gives testimony of Dante Alighieri (Paradiso XXXI, 103-111) who, contemplating the face of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, compares his state of mind to that of a romeo before the Veil of Veronica:
As one who perhaps
Croatia Cometh to gaze at our Veronica
that its ancient fame is never sated ,
but says in thought, while it is displayed:
"My Lord Jesus Christ, true God, was so done
or your appearance?"
In other work (Vita Nova, XL) Dante, expressing the pain Beatrice's death, mentions the pilgrims to Rome to venerate the Veil of Veronica:
"After this tribulation occurred, what time
that many people go to see the blessed image which
Iesu Christ gave us
for example, then, from his beautiful face ... "Even
Francesco Petrarch (Canzoniere, Sonnet XVI) testifies to the devotion to the veil of Veronica, the Jubilee of 1350 proclaimed by Pope Clement VI bubble" Unigenitus Dei Filius. " In Petrarch sonnet, far from his beloved (Laura), is looking for other women in the face of the effigy of her, and she likens to an old man who, having abandoned the family, on a long journey to Rome to capture the relic of Veronica:
vecchierel Moves the gray-haired white et
sweet place where to your age et
provided by the frightened little family that
see the dear father disappear, then
trahere then the old-fashioned side
for extreme days of his life, as
bit ', with good will s'aita,
broken by the years and tired from the journey;
he comes to Rome, following 'desire, for
look upon the likeness of Him who still hopes to see up there in heaven:
so, alas, at times cerchand'io vo,
woman, as far as possible, in others
your longed for true form.
The French poet and essayist Paul Claudel (1868-1955) converted to Catholicism after meditating on the face of Veronica: You can not
delete an image from your heart,
the picture is nothing that
imprinted on Veronica's cloth ... A sharp, thin face, long beard and a
it around the chin.
And this is the austerity of the eye, which landed, and
that holiness, that the old sin,
rooted in us, trembles in its deepest roots.
In the past, on the anniversary of the Ascension (= forty days after the Resurrection of Christ), prepared with sturdy ropes, swings (tundra) in which adolescents were left dangling in turn, singing a song typical Molfetta, the 'Asscèlse (Ascension) , mentioning Veronica (for girls) and Sénd'Alò (invented a saint for boys). Carry the refrain:
And each and ddue and ttrè,
Vròneche Senda, make it fall, and cci
lla faith or fall, or
chessa crestiéne mmòere mè
Translate: And one, two, three / Santa Veronica, make it fall, And if you do not fall, / the person never dies (never gives the shift in who drives).
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Based on studies made by the Jesuit Father Heinrich Pfeiffer, professor of German and History of Christian Iconology at the Gregorian University in Rome, during the renovation of St. Peter's Basilica by Pope PaoloV started, the chapel where it was kept Veronica, was demolished in 1608, it is likely that on that occasion, the relic has been stolen until, through a round of private donations, ended in convent of Capuchin friars in Manoppello, a small village at the foot of the Abruzzi Apennines, in the province of Pescara, about 200 km from Rome. In that country, on the day of the transfiguration of Jesus, namely August 6, it is celebrated the feast of the Holy Face.
The Holy Face of Christ venerated at Manoppello .
The Holy Face is a veil of 17x24 cm in depicting the image of a male face with long hair and beard divided in bands. It 'been said that this is a unique case in which the image is visible on either side of unchanged. Prof. Donato Vittore, orthopedic, University of Bari in 1997 has played an examination with ultraviolet light, whereas the fibers of the veil does not have any kind of color, for which the relic was neither painted or woven with colored fibers. With regard to the nature of the yarn, according to Professor Clare Virgo, this could be ocean abyss, a special filament produced by the mollusk "pinna nobilis" worked since ancient times. But a fine linen fabric can not be painted because the salt that contains the colors will fade soon. In addition, we saw that the face of the Shroud of Turin and the one that appears in the veil of Manoppello overlap and the same size, with the only difference being that the image of Manoppello the mouth of the face and eyes are open. So we have to conclude, as Pfeiffer said that "the veil of Manoppello is nothing more than the original Roman Veronica."
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. Let's see how we got to the current statue of Veronica, kept in the Church of the Purgatory. In 1844 the Brotherhood of SS. del Carmine, in the priory of Old Thomas, decided to sell Archconfraternity of Death, headed by Stefano Salvemini, the old statue of its owner, had been neglected for over a decade, having provided a new image of the Madonna that still venerated in the church of S. Peter (Monacelle), sculpted by Giuseppe Verzella (author of the statue of Our Lady of Martyrs), whose figure of a man and as an artist I have talked elsewhere. By a local craftsman, the old image of the Madonna del Carmine was transformed into a statue of Veronica. Removed the statue of Baby Jesus, was changed the posture of the arms, stretched forward to hold a cloth, on which was painted the bloody face of the Redeemer. The face of the statue was not retouched, in his expression remained static and inert. The statue was carried in procession until 1906.
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The old statue of Veronica
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From that year onwards, and for about fifty years, the creativity of Cozzoli allowed to accompany the Confraternity of Death of a heritage of immense value. And it was the first Veronica statue to be fashioned by the sculptor Molfettese.
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The new statue of Veronica released for the first time in procession on Holy Saturday of 1907, under the priory was Carabellese Joseph Leonardo. It earned the enthusiastic consent of the population Molfettese. In contrast to the previous one, the one molded by Cozzoli was covered by a dynamic energy. Discover the awesome wonder why the cloth used to wipe the sweat has put his bloody face of Jesus, the young woman has an immediate movement of fear and revulsion. Her lithe body tends to depart from the object of wonder, for which it seeks, with his arms stretched out, to keep it away from you. The astonishment is such that it has his face turned away, even though his eyes flashing with terror, are tempted to go back and watch. The face has an exquisite delicacy, fragility made sweeter by the waxen pallor. Although I admired
dominated proceedings in the collective, but there was some concern over some considered too realistic, as bare arms over the elbow and the earrings to the rim of the ear lobes. As in the previous statue, the cloth was supported by the outstretched hands of cloth on which Cozzoli had painted with pastel colors on the face of Jesus But after a few years of procession and waving, the colors were unraveling in the face of Christ was canceling. So you have to provide. Cozzoli replaced the piece of cloth with a papier-mâché, which was merged to the torso of the statue. With this transaction, but the cloth bought more weight than its predecessor, the arms were too weak and inadequate to support it, the author in order to strengthen them, he was forced to play with the cardboard sleeves. Also, removed the earrings from her ears to the rims. The cloth with the face of Jesus was given by Cozzoli Archconfraternity St. Stephen, which made it to paint a picture that still can be seen in the sacristy of the church. In my opinion, it would been more appropriate to leave Archconfraternity Death care of that cloth But, as Dante (Purgatorio XX, 1) Contra better will want to battle evil. " That is a will even good fights evil, better resists against a will.
dominated proceedings in the collective, but there was some concern over some considered too realistic, as bare arms over the elbow and the earrings to the rim of the ear lobes. As in the previous statue, the cloth was supported by the outstretched hands of cloth on which Cozzoli had painted with pastel colors on the face of Jesus But after a few years of procession and waving, the colors were unraveling in the face of Christ was canceling. So you have to provide. Cozzoli replaced the piece of cloth with a papier-mâché, which was merged to the torso of the statue. With this transaction, but the cloth bought more weight than its predecessor, the arms were too weak and inadequate to support it, the author in order to strengthen them, he was forced to play with the cardboard sleeves. Also, removed the earrings from her ears to the rims. The cloth with the face of Jesus was given by Cozzoli Archconfraternity St. Stephen, which made it to paint a picture that still can be seen in the sacristy of the church. In my opinion, it would been more appropriate to leave Archconfraternity Death care of that cloth But, as Dante (Purgatorio XX, 1) Contra better will want to battle evil. " That is a will even good fights evil, better resists against a will.
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panel with the cloth of Veronica donated by Cozzoli Archconfraternity S. Stefano
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conclude with my own reflection.
The Gospels, as we have said, do not speak of this encounter between Jesus and an unknown woman on the way of the cross closer to the Master to wipe his face. But the tradition has kept the memory not written about this humble woman of the people coming out from the crowd mocking the death of Christ and eager to make this gesture full of silence and full of love.
just how much care and tenderness are contained in the sections of this act skinny! A gesture of compassion that is also a silent profession of faith.
The gesture of Veronica is not only a break to restore the resources of the exhausting journey of the cross. The Face of Christ despised and mocked, no longer seem to be disfigured the face of a man, Veronica recognizes that it is the face of love.
Where are you Lord? Maybe sometimes we
this question, believing that you are absent or distracted while for us down here life is hard. Where are you, Lord, and why are you silent?
The absence and the silence of God have always upset the perplexity of man.
E 'may God where there is no beauty? It 'possible that God is where we miss the joy?
the disease is possible that there is God? Area where the human hatred kills innocent victims, it is possible that there is no God? Where there is no absurdity and horror, it is possible that there is no God? In women raped, children abused, forgotten in the old, in the absence of people desperate for work in dark corners of holes where they consume in the agonies of cardboard covered: central thing there God?
Help us to know that you see in the beauty and wonders of life, to contemplate Provident Lord and Creator of this world, but also help us to know that you recognize where there is not where the beauty and disgust and fear make us shudder and turn elsewhere. Help us, Lord, created in the image and likeness of your face, not to be considered only as love poetry and emotion, as romance and intimacy, as a "light of immense" (words by Giuseppe Ungaretti), but also as a sacrifice, as unalterable and mild swelling in the gift also reports that the strike on our face and know in our hearts.
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The Gospels, as we have said, do not speak of this encounter between Jesus and an unknown woman on the way of the cross closer to the Master to wipe his face. But the tradition has kept the memory not written about this humble woman of the people coming out from the crowd mocking the death of Christ and eager to make this gesture full of silence and full of love.
just how much care and tenderness are contained in the sections of this act skinny! A gesture of compassion that is also a silent profession of faith.
The gesture of Veronica is not only a break to restore the resources of the exhausting journey of the cross. The Face of Christ despised and mocked, no longer seem to be disfigured the face of a man, Veronica recognizes that it is the face of love.
Where are you Lord? Maybe sometimes we
this question, believing that you are absent or distracted while for us down here life is hard. Where are you, Lord, and why are you silent?
The absence and the silence of God have always upset the perplexity of man.
E 'may God where there is no beauty? It 'possible that God is where we miss the joy?
the disease is possible that there is God? Area where the human hatred kills innocent victims, it is possible that there is no God? Where there is no absurdity and horror, it is possible that there is no God? In women raped, children abused, forgotten in the old, in the absence of people desperate for work in dark corners of holes where they consume in the agonies of cardboard covered: central thing there God?
Help us to know that you see in the beauty and wonders of life, to contemplate Provident Lord and Creator of this world, but also help us to know that you recognize where there is not where the beauty and disgust and fear make us shudder and turn elsewhere. Help us, Lord, created in the image and likeness of your face, not to be considered only as love poetry and emotion, as romance and intimacy, as a "light of immense" (words by Giuseppe Ungaretti), but also as a sacrifice, as unalterable and mild swelling in the gift also reports that the strike on our face and know in our hearts.
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* Text by the prof. Trident Cosmo.
* Photos taken from the web.
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