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San Pietro, the tread in the procession on Holy Saturday in the tradition and Veronica

By prof. Trident Cosmo.

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"In the basement of the Vatican Basilica are the foundation of our faith. The final conclusion of the work and study with a very clear answer is: the tomb of the Prince of the Apostles has been found. " So Pope Pius XII made the announcement at the conclusion of the Jubilee of 1950, recognition of the tomb of Peter, also attested by an ancient tradition and unanimous.
Who was this man? He was a fisherman named Simon, also called Peter, who lived in Bethsaida and plied his trade in the lake of Galilee, also called the Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee.

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. Married and widowed
perhaps because in the canonical Gospels (Matthew 8: 14-15, Mark 1, 29-31, Luke 4: 38-39) is cited only the mother-in-law, while in the apocryphal gospels is reported that he had a daughter, Legendary Santa Petronilla.
Explain how this relationship has been created between St. Peter and St. Petronilla is a story very interesting, but marred by a singular error of interpretation. Let's start by saying that Santa Petronilla was and is a Roman martyr, born in Rome, the Roman family, the Flavian, the seed of future emperors. She was just the daughter of Titus Flavius \u200b\u200bPetronius, and its membership to this Roman family is demonstrated conclusively by the fact that he was buried in the family cemetery, still called that by Flavia Domitilla. We insist on Romania and genealogy of Santa Petronilla, to deny, if any were needed, the age-old tradition that makes this Martyr's daughter carnal first child, the same San Pietro.
that St. Peter, a fisher of fish before becoming a fisher of men, may have had children, an assumption is possible, as the Gospel reminds her mother-in-law, as mentioned above, it is confirmed that the Apostle's wife. But who were these children, even if there were, is quite another matter and insoluble. So how was attributed to the apostle-uted the authorship of descendant of the Roman Flavian? This is explained by the fact that Petronilla, who lived in first century Christian, he was probably a convert from St. Peter's, and so many ancient documents mention it as the "daughter of Peter," meaning evidently a spiritual fatherhood. In doing
Petronilla daughter of Peter (Petrus) obviously played the name, because the first was considered as a diminutive derived from the second. Instead, according to the rules of Latin, Petronilla is simply the diminutive of Petronius ; as Drusilla is the diminutive of Drusus ; Domitilla Domitius it is .

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The Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee today

But back to the Apostle Peter. He was among the first apostles to follow the Savior. So quotes the Gospel of Mark (1:16-18): "Passing along the Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee, he saw Simon and Andrew, the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. Jesus said unto them, Follow me, I will make you fishers of men. " And immediately they left their nets and followed him ". Since then Peter never lost his master. She followed him in all his travels, at all stages of his trips, listened to his sermons the crowds, witnessed the miracles that punctuate the message of "good news" during the years of public life of Jesus
complex personality, of immediate and instinctive certainty, Simon Peter emerged in the group of twelve with outstanding leadership, to become the leader, the leadership of the nascent Church, the first of a long series of popes for more than two thousand years the fate of the Catholic religion. Well known is the story of Caesarea Philippi. Located in northern Galilee, near the headwaters of the Jordan, at the foot of Mount Hermon, was called Panion but Philip, a son of Herod the Great, the bigger and called it Caesarea in honor of Caesar, Roman emperor. In this place Jesus went with his disciples, perhaps to seek a bit 'of silence and stillness in his eventful life and often besieged by the crowds. And here, at one point, Jesus is a kind of inquiry among his disciples about what you thought of him: "Who do people say the Son of Man?". The answers are different (Jeremiah, a prophet ...), after which Jesus asks the tough question: "Who do you say I am?". For all Peter responds with a perfect profession of faith: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." Jesus fully endorses the response of Peter and entrusting him to hold his Church with the words that are engraved around the dome of St. Peter "Tu es Petrus, et super hanc Ecclesiam meam petram aedificabo et tibi dabo claves kingdoms Caelorum" (You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church, and will give you the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven) (Matthew 16.13-20).
But the circumstances that contributed significantly to defining the nature of Peter, in his moral characteristics and its importance in the history of redemption, were those relating to the Passion and Death of Jesus After the dinner, at which he instituted the Holy Eucharist, Jesus left the apostles to go to the Mount of Olives. Along the way he told them: "This night all of you will undergo a scandal because of me, for it is written: I will strike the shepherd and the sheep of the flock will be scattered. But after I am raised up, before you into Galilee. " With the fervor of his benevolent nature, but it did not take into account the weakness of human nature, Peter rose up, "Though all be offended because of you, I will never fall away," Jesus said to him: "Truly, I say this night, before the cock crows you will deny me three times. " Peter said: "Even if I die with you, will not deny you."

As a sequence of tragic events that follow one another with disastrous inevitability, scroll through the scenes of the capture of Jesus, the gang led by Judas Iscariot, his move into the abode of the high priest Caiaphas, where he had summoned the council to complete the scribes and elders, and finally the scene as "the denial Peter "that distinguishes the character of the apostle with a universal recognition signal ..
In describing this scene, the four Gospels are almost uniform. Peter follows Jesus from afar, bound like a criminal, is conducted to the palace of the high priest. He stops in the lobby of the building, the open, where the servants and guards stationed that as the cold night, they lit a fire to warm up. A maid, saw Peter, who was standing near the fire to warm up, approaches him and says, "You also were with Jesus of Galilee" . But he denies saying "I do not know what you say," . Vistosi discovered, goes out to the porch, another maid, but the attention of the guards saying "This man was with Jesus of Nazareth" . Peter denied it again: "I do not know this man" . At the door, others speak: "Surely you are one of them came with him from Galilee, in fact, even your speech gives you to recognize" . Peter curses and swears "I do not know the man" . And the rooster gets up in the night. Peter remembers the words of Jesus: "... this night, before the cock crows you will deny me three times" . And he went out, weeping bitterly.

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This is the attitude of dismay that the statue depicts St. Peter, which is the first to start the procession of Holy Saturday. The old statue of St. Peter, carried in procession for the first time in 1842 by the Confraternity of Mount Caramel, was retrieved from an existing statue of St. Joseph, Baby Jesus, removing and changing some arms from the posture, with his right hand to his forehead, in that it provide for the renegade master, and his left hand lying on the cock, as if to force him to shut up. Vibrant colors of the clothes: green tunic, yellow cape. The statue depicts an old man, when in fact the apostle was at an age equal to or slightly higher than that of Jesus, with his gray beard and a bald head. He was particularly dear to Molfettese for several reasons: firstly because of the presence of the rooster with his dumb chiccirichì was fun for the children that during the precessional path and kept the line, urging him to sing. Secondly, for the baldness of the saint who was likened to "ringworm," parasitic disease extremely infectious at that time, for the backwardness of hygiene, affect many children in the center, so the red skin of their heads were living patches of thinning hair. For this comparison, the Prince of the Apostles was called "scabby", name that would not be offensive, but a family trust, to consider the saint the "protector of Tignosi. Third, Saint Peter was the first statue that opened the procession that people regarded him as a kind of tread: efficient, prompt and - in many merits - trusted guardian of a parade of single women (Veronica, Mary of Cleophas , Mary Salome, Mary Magdalene) around at night in the city.

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addition, the hand to his forehead, turned in an age of nationalism, seemed like a military salute, a constant "sir" to higher orders. As well as in long procession returned at ten in the morning with the sun already high, looked like a gesture to get solecchio or wink at the finish line, as if to ask: "But when we get there?".
Sallustio Luigi Under the priory was commissioned to Cozzoli a new statue of St. Peter. The work was completed in 1948, being prior Giovanni De Robertis (1 st component Panunzio Michael 2 nd component Sallustio Corrado). The new statue has iconographic characteristics different than the old statue, St. Peter's is no longer bald, less senior, with his hand to his forehead but no longer flow between your cheek left ear to accentuate the surprise when the cock crowed, and the leg the right is bent with the foot resting on a rung of the hall of the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate. The whole picture is particularly accurate in anatomical detail and expresses the drama of the moment. It is said to shape the breast of the saint was used papier-mâché made from sheets of the Osservatore Romano. The rooster is admired next to the statue of the apostle is said that required a careful study on a specimen grown in the S. Martino.
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However, when the Holy Saturday of 1948 was released for the first time in procession to the new statue of St. Peter, the statue puzzled and disappointed the people Molfettese. The question was: "But this statue is just St. Peter?". "This man in his forties, with a thick beard that was starting to turn white, eyed, with a hand to his ear as if to tapparselo not to hear the singing of the rooster fatal, it can be your San Pietro?".
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The resentment of the people is not subsiding, it was so strong attachment to the old statue. Certain statements against the popular new work Cozzoli were desecrating the sarcasm of impetuous pamphlets, "Who digests the new St. Peter?". "It turns out to thirty years in prison." "It looks like the greek Spiridon." He, for the uninitiated, was one of the typical characters that animated the life of the city in the past. Low, stocky man with a long beard and with one leg shorter than the other. By profession he was a porter and had no fixed abode, and usually slept in a hut on the port. When coming down from the train along Corso Umberto, the boys saw him with a bag on his shoulder, shouted to his address: "Spredeiòene, there is oere?" (Spyridon, who is now?) Giving them the same answer: "... the one and half " (one and a half), referring to her legs: a normal (one) and the other shorter (half).
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Then, as it happens, as time keeps tempers, he did fade in our memory the image of the old St. Peter's. Moreover, improved hygienic conditions of Tignosi Molfetta There were no more.
carriers belong to the Brotherhood of the statue of the Assumption and wearing: white shirt and cap, mozzetta creamy white flowers with scattered reddish-brown-colored wine with bow and girdle, neck strap with the same color metal plate depicting the Madonna Assunta in Heaven.
In August 2009, the Brotherhood said solemnly celebrated the bicentennial (1809-2009) of the wooden statue of their holder, carved by the sculptor Francesco Verzella Neapolitan, with various religious and cultural events and a special philatelic cancellation.
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* Text by the prof. Trident Cosmo.
* Photos by the dr. Francesco Stanzione.