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Mary of Cleophas is the third statue from the church to get out of Purgatory in the procession on Holy Saturday.
be made a precise language: "Cleophas" is the Italian translation of the greek name "Kleopàs", which corresponds to Hebrew "Alphaeus" (Halphai). Mary of Cleophas means so Mary wife of Cleophas or Alphaeus. It is therefore not correct to attribute to this pious woman a middle name: "Mary Cleophas", as is usually called incorrectly. The fault, say so, it should be given to the Latin version of the Gospel, which says "Mary Cleophae (Cleophae is the genitive of Cleopha, meaning precisely the wife of Cleophas).
addition, the family of this pious woman often do not have clear ideas which is why we, with the help of trusted sources, to clear up possible misunderstandings. The Gospels tell us that Mary is the wife of Cleophas (John 19-25, Luke 24-18) and is the mother of James the Less and Joses (Mark 15-40, Matthew 27-56). So far no rain. But the pedigree becomes unclear when we read that James is the younger son of Alpheus (Matthew 10.03, Mark 3-18, Luke 6-15, Acts 1-13), and James, Joseph, Judas and Simon are "brothers "Jesus (Mark 6-3; Matthew 13-55).
To reconcile these data suggested two solutions. Some have identified with Alpheus Cleophas, meaning that two names could be the same person, or rather two forms of the same Aramaic name for which the sons of Cleophas (or Alphaeus) would be James the Less and Joses (whose role in the Gospels is non-existent). Others, however, and is the best hypothesis, say that the mother of James, Mary, she would be married twice: first with Alpheus, the priestly line, and had as sons James and Joseph, then, Alpheus died, he would married Cleophas, by lineage of David, and had Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Canaanite.
accepting this second hypothesis, the sons of Mary Cleophas would, therefore, four: James the Less and Joseph ("first bed", as it is called popularly), Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Canaanite (the "second read"). Taking Cleophas account that, according Hegesippus (born about 115 in Jerusalem and died in 180), was the brother of St. Joseph, we have that Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Canaanite were cousins \u200b\u200b(this is the value of the expression "brother" of mentioned by Mark and Matthew 6-3 13-55) of Jesus and grandchildren of S. Joseph, husband of the Virgin Mary, who was then to be both aunt and sister of the mother of these, that's why John (19-25) that calls Mary "sister" of Mary., Sister, or sister.
Mary Cleophas was part of the group of women who followed Jesus throughout all Galilee. He remained at Calvary after the death of the Redeemer, attended his burial, he went with other women he could see the tomb and the resurrection of Christ. She is also known as "Maria Jacobi", being the mother of James the Less.
Who was Cleopas?
E 'one of the two disciples on the day of the resurrection of Christ, going native in Emmaus, they were joined by Jesus, who recognized in the breaking of the bread (Luke 24-13): "When he was at table with them, he took bread, said the blessing, broke it and gave it to them. Their eyes were opened and they recognized him. But he vanished from their sight .... "
Now for the examination of the statue in the background to the arch of Death. In its draft of rebuilding the statues, Cozzoli for the first time he found himself completely free in the design because there was no pre-existing image of Mary of Cleophas be taken as a model. She'd just take note of the decision to remove the arch from the procession, the statue of Jesus bearing the cross and replaced by that of Mary of Cleophas. In fact, the statue of Calvary, made of papier-mache head, hands and feet in wood, was carried in procession until 1913. Dall'Arciconfraternita replacement was justified by the need to abolish the anachronism of seeing the Calvary in the procession of the Mysteries of Santo Stefano dall'Arciconfraternita organized and the next day to see him again in the procession on Holy Saturday. It was, in my view, a regrettable decision, questionable in several respects: for meaning, for art sculptural tradition.
But back to the statue of Mary of Cleophas. Cozzoli created the image of a middle-aged woman, of strong build, which includes a head bowed, gathered in a cloth, the nails that pierced his hands and feet of Jesus, and the crown of thorns that has battered his head. A rapt contemplation that follows a long cry, as indicated by the redness and swelling of the eyelids.
Unfortunately, a calculation bad, the statue is considerably higher than the other statues, which disrupt the provision harmonic them. Despite the imperfection, the statue of Mary of Cleophas dall'Arciconfraternita was accepted and went in procession to the Easter of 1914.
How do you explain the "gaffe" of Cozzoli? When a sculptor is preparing to model a statue, will first work to model using a sketch, emphasizing forms, proportions and positions for future sculpture. All this can then be completely changed as appropriate but will give an approximate idea of \u200b\u200bthe final result and a good reference during completion. That said, no one will ever know why Cozzoli, in terms of height statuary, both left out of his customary artistic technique. I can only bear the thought of a famous sculptor, Giacomo Rossi "An artist is an artist, takes the measures that can not be measured because it is closer to God that the earth, because he sees what others do not see, others do not know how to speak and that means others can not have ".
Despite the many commitments in their work, Cozzoli always had in mind the project of rebuilding all the statues on Easter Saturday. But above all, he felt responsible for the involuntary error in the image of Mary of Cleophas was found too high. Therefore, without asking any reward supplementary Archconfraternity, he formed a second version of Mary of Cleophas, identical to the first pose, expression and color, and of course height equal to the other statues.
The new statue, admired as the previous one, was carried in procession for the first time on Holy Saturday 1924. In fact, the front of the stand we read the following inscription:
ALL Modified by
expenditures
A Chaired by Mr. Nicholas Iannone
Louis
IN 1924
Night that Saturday, as told by Horace Panunzio ( Diary for the Brotherhood of Death, Molfetta, 1987 ), There was a violent storm, so the new statue of Mary of Cleophas took refuge in a door at number 32 off of Sant'Angelo. While waiting for the storm ended, the women present there began to pray the rosary. During the recitation of the Marian prayer, had the pleasant surprise of being present in person Giulio Cozzoli, austere in demeanor and dress, who wanted to make sure that the statue, which he formed in the second version, had not been damaged by rain. With a lightly explored the statue in every fold of her dress and coat, looked at every detail of the hands and face, fearing a stagnation of rainwater. After a long break forced the statue began to swing slowly, along with the other, walking by Sigismund. The dawn was not far away.
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